Без сжатия
mysqldump -u root -p base_name > ./base_name_backup.sql
mysql -u root -p base_name < ./base_name_backup.sql
Со сжатием
mysqldump -u root -p base_name | gzip > ./base_name_backup.sql.gz
gunzip < ./base_name_backup.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p base_name